水合物地层低热固井水泥浆用相变微胶囊的制备及应用          下载免费PDF全文

杨国坤  汪爱明  尹舒婷  代天  刘天乐  蒋国盛 《探矿工程》2021,48(3):118-124

当深海固井遇到天然气水合物地层时,由于水泥浆水化放热,导致水合物的相变平衡条件发生改变,诱发水合物分解,引起二界面胶结质量下降等问题。为提高水合物地层固井质量,可向水泥浆中添加具有吸热控温作用的相变微胶囊,可有效降低固井水泥浆的水化升温。基于此,以配比石蜡为控温芯材、碳酸钙为壁材,利用自组装法制备了一种使用于深水水合物地层固井水泥浆控温微胶囊。由于固井水泥浆在达到水合物地层的过程中,外界温度环境复杂,单一相变温度的控温芯材极易失效。为扩展控温区间,选用切片石蜡与白油作为混合芯材,控温区间达到14.8~39.8 ℃。研究表明,该微胶囊表观形态良好、彼此无团聚,在热循环过程中,不易发生泄漏。与水泥浆复配后,对水泥浆流变性能无明显影响。在低掺加量时,微胶囊主要起降低水泥浆峰值温度的效果,并提升水泥石整体力学强度;高掺加量时,微胶囊既可以有效降低水泥浆峰值温度,也可以明显地延缓水泥浆放热速率。  相似文献   

基于相干特征的岩石薄片序列图像边缘提取及颗粒分割     

周恒  张春雷  张欣  陈庆轩  张艳  仲诚诚 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2021,51(6):1897-1907

针对岩石颗粒边缘模糊、结构复杂的特点,为了更有效地识别颗粒边缘,在基于特征值的C3相干算法的基础上,融合多尺度和多角度的特征表达,提出了一种改进的C3相干算法。该算法综合考虑岩石薄片图像角度域光学特征、空间尺度信息和各向异性信息,能更有效地表征颗粒边缘特征,表现出对复杂矿物结构的适应能力。在采集的岩石薄片正交偏光图像上验证提出的算法,实验结果表明,与原生C3相干算法相比,改进后的C3相干算法在全局图像上的方差和灰度差分乘积分别提升了68.41%和22.91%,信息熵下降了21.61%。  相似文献   

基于连续消光特征分析的岩石薄片分析系统     

胡小晴  高世臣  张欣  王维  仲鸿儒  周恒 《地学前缘》2021,28(2):296-304

连续消光是指在正交偏光显微镜下,岩石薄片随载物台旋转而发生消光强弱连续变化的现象。作为人工鉴定岩石薄片的重要依据,提取后的连续消光特征可以用于实现岩石薄片的自动分析。结合数字图像处理技术与聚类划分算法,开发出一套能够分割出孔隙、颗粒轮廓,实现颗粒类别划分,并对结果做定量分析的岩石薄片分析系统。从矿物的消光特征本质出发,连续消光特征提取精确与否是能否有效划分颗粒类别的关键环节。因此,针对系统在连续消光特征提取过程中的消光位对齐与消光基值去除操作分别设置了对照组。以鄂尔多斯盆地某区长6段砂岩薄片在正交偏光镜下的角度域序列图像进行实验,结果表明,所开发的基于岩石薄片分析系统能够提取到更为精确的连续消光特征,且该系统定量分析结果与专业人员鉴定结果基本一致。  相似文献   

Landslide susceptibility modeling based on ANFIS with teaching-learning-based optimization and Satin bowerbird optimizer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wei Chen  Xi Chen  Jianbing Peng  Mahdi Panahi  Saro Lee 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(1):93-107

As threats of landslide hazards have become gradually more severe in recent decades,studies on landslide prevention and mitigation have attracted widespread attention in relevant domains.A hot research topic has been the ability to predict landslide susceptibility,which can be used to design schemes of land exploitation and urban development in mountainous areas.In this study,the teaching-learning-based optimization(TLBO)and satin bowerbird optimizer(SBO)algorithms were applied to optimize the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)model for landslide susceptibility mapping.In the study area,152 landslides were identified and randomly divided into two groups as training(70%)and validation(30%)dataset.Additionally,a total of fifteen landslide influencing factors were selected.The relative importance and weights of various influencing factors were determined using the step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis(SWARA)method.Finally,the comprehensive performance of the two models was validated and compared using various indexes,such as the root mean square error(RMSE),processing time,convergence,and area under receiver operating characteristic curves(AUROC).The results demonstrated that the AUROC values of the ANFIS,ANFIS-TLBO and ANFIS-SBO models with the training data were 0.808,0.785 and 0.755,respectively.In terms of the validation dataset,the ANFISSBO model exhibited a higher AUROC value of 0.781,while the AUROC value of the ANFIS-TLBO and ANFIS models were 0.749 and 0.681,respectively.Moreover,the ANFIS-SBO model showed lower RMSE values for the validation dataset,indicating that the SBO algorithm had a better optimization capability.Meanwhile,the processing time and convergence of the ANFIS-SBO model were far superior to those of the ANFIS-TLBO model.Therefore,both the ensemble models proposed in this paper can generate adequate results,and the ANFIS-SBO model is recommended as the more suitable model for landslide susceptibility assessment in the study area considered due to its excellent accuracy and efficiency.  相似文献   

CINRAD-SA双偏振雷达资料在降水估测中的应用初探   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

陈超  胡志群  胡胜  张扬  李珊珊 《气象》2019,45(1):113-125

对基于水平反射率ZH和差分传播相移率K_(DP)的降水估测综合法R(C)进行了改进,并对广州S波段双偏振雷达2016年2次飑线和2次台风降水过程的Φ_(DP)使用小波分析进行滤波处理,在此基础上使用变距最小二乘法拟合得到K_(DP)的值。分别使用R(C)和R(Z_H)法对2次飑线和2次台风降水过程进行降水估算,将估算结果和雨量计小时雨量进行了对比,并将两种方法的评估结果进行了对比。结果表明:(1)对于飑线类型降水,R(C)法对5 mm·h~(-1)以上的降水估测精度要好于R(Z_H)法,且降水率越大,R(C)法优势越明显,当降水率≥20 mm·h~(-1)时,两次过程R(C)法比R(Z_H)法的平均相对误差(RE)降低了17. 2%,平均绝对误差(AE)减少了1.89 mm,平均均方根误差(RMSE)减少了1.66 mm;(2)对于台风类型降水,R(C)法对5 mm·h~(-1)以上的降水估测精度也好于R(Z_H)法,当降水率≥20 mm·h~(-1)时,两次过程R(C)法比R(Z_H)法的平均RE降低了33. 19%,平均AE减少了3. 95 mm,平均RMSE减少了4.05 mm;(3)对于飑线和台风两种类型降水R(C)法都明显改善了降水率较大时的R(Z_H)法低估问题,但R(C)法在降水率10 mm·h~(-1)时也存在低估,可能是由雨滴谱资料观测误差导致拟合的系数偏小或雷达硬件造成的观测偏差等造成的。  相似文献   

基于标准差分析法的X波段双偏振天气雷达资料质量评估     

李思腾  仰美霖  李林  张舒婷  张治国  潘昱冰 《干旱气象》2019,37(3):467-476

2015年9月,北京市气象局在北京地区架设4部X波段双线偏振天气雷达并开展了观测试验。本文利用其中3部雷达在2016年6月30日的观测数据,用标准差分布统计方法,对雷达的观测参量进行初步质量评估。结果表明:(1)3部雷达反射率标准差符合理论值的数据占总观测数据的73.5%~77.9%,反射率的数据波动基本符合理论分布;(2)3部雷达差分反射率标准差符合理论值的数据占总观测数据的68.4%~81.4%,其中房山雷达数据波动较大;(3)3部雷达互相关系数标准差符合理论值的数据占总观测数据的45.7%~63.5%,其中房山雷达数据波动最大,其他2部雷达都有同程度的数据波动;(4)3部雷达差分传播相位标准差符合理论值的数据占总观测数据的73.5%~83.9%,其中房山雷达数据波动相对较大,与雷达其他观测参量相比,差分传播相位的波动较小。  相似文献   

一次冬季冰雹的双偏振多普勒天气雷达回波分析     

江慧远  魏鸣  张深寿  潘佳文  罗昌荣  林文 《气象科学》2019,39(6):755-762

为研究双偏振雷达资料在冬季冰雹监测预警中的应用,利用厦门S波段双偏振雷达资料,分析了2016年12月21日福建漳州冰雹的回波特征。发现在降雹过程中,最强回波达69 dBZ,三体散射回波径向长度达16 km,旁瓣回波切向宽达20 km,低层的钩状回波与入流缺口明显;冰雹区的差分反射率因子Z_(dr)和差分相位常数K_(dp)数值小,冰水混合区的相关系数ρ_(hv)较低。分析表明:此冰雹个例并非典型的超级单体,但存在超级单体的部分偏振回波特征,回波前侧下沉气流存在Z_(dr)弧,可延伸到中层,在入流缺口和后侧下沉气流处,Z_(dr)柱和K_(dp)柱成对出现,中层存在CC的低值环。  相似文献   

参数空间变异性下地下水污染监测网多目标优化机制研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

骆乾坤  吴剑锋  杨运  钱家忠 《地质论评》2015,61(3):570-578

基于野外实际含水层参数存在空间变异性的客观事实,研发概率Pareto遗传算法(Probabilistic Pareto genetic algorithm,PPGA),用于求解考虑含水层参数空间变异性下地下水污染监测网多目标优化设计问题。PPGA在ε-改进非劣支配遗传算法(epsilon-dominance non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm II,ε-NSGAII)的基础上通过添加概率择优排序和概率拥挤度技术,寻求考虑参数空间变异条件下地下水污染监测网模拟—优化耦合模型的Pareto最优解。将优化结果与蒙特卡洛(Monte Carlo,MC)模拟分析结果进行对比,验证优化结果的可靠性。算例求解结果表明:在求解考虑参数空间变异性条件下地下水污染监测网多目标优化设计问题时,PPGA优化所得Pareto最优解变异性小,可靠性高,可为决策者提供一系列稳定可靠的监测方案。  相似文献   

Does continental crust transform during eclogite facies metamorphism?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

D. J. Young  A. R. C. Kylander‐Clark 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2015,33(4):331-357

Eclogites within exhumed continental collision zones indicate regional burial to depths of at least 60 km, and often more than 100 km in the coesite‐stable, ultra‐high pressure (UHP) eclogite facies. Garnet, omphacitic pyroxene, high‐Si mica, kyanite ± coesite should grow at the expense of low‐P minerals in most felsic compositions, if equilibrium obtained at these conditions. The quartzofeldspathic rocks that comprise the bulk of eclogite facies terranes, however, contain mainly amphibolite facies, plagioclase‐bearing assemblages. To what extent these lower‐P minerals persisted metastably during (U)HP metamorphism, or whether they grew afterwards, reflects closely upon crustal parameters such as density, strength and seismic character. The Nordfjord area in western Norway offers a detailed view into a large crustal section that was subducted into the eclogite facies. The degree of transformation in typical pelite, paragneiss, granitic and granodioritic gneiss was assessed by modelling the equilibrium assemblage, comparing it with existing parageneses in these rocks and using U/Th–Pb zircon geochronology from laser ablation ICPMS to establish the history of mineral growth. U–Pb dates define a period of zircon recrystallization and new growth accompanying burial and metamorphism lasting from 430 to 400 Ma. Eclogite facies mafic rock (~2 vol.% of crust) is the most transformed composition and records the ambient peak conditions. Rare garnet‐bearing pelitic rocks (<10 vol.% of crust) preserve a mostly prograde mineral evolution to near‐peak conditions; REE concentrations in zircon indicate that garnet was present after 425 Ma and feldspar broke down after 410 Ma. Felsic gneiss – by far the most abundant rock type – is dominated by quartz + biotite + feldspar, but minor zoisite/epidote, phengitic white mica, garnet and rutile point to a prograde HP overprint. Relict textures indicate that much of the microstructural framework of plagioclase, K‐feldspar, and perhaps biotite, persisted through at least 25 Ma of burial, and ultimately UHP metamorphism. The signature reaction of the eclogite facies in felsic rocks – jadeite/omphacite growth from plagioclase – cannot be deduced from the presence of pyroxene or its breakdown products. We conclude that prograde dehydration in orthogneiss leads to fluid absent conditions, impeding equilibration beyond ~high‐P amphibolite facies.  相似文献   

Grampian migmatites in the Buchan Block,NE Scotland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

T. E. Johnson  C. L. Kirkland  S. M. Reddy  S. Fischer 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2015,33(7):695-709

Rocks exposed along the Scottish coast between Fraserburgh and Inzie Head contain information critical to understanding the evolution of the Buchan Block, the type locality for low‐P, high‐T regional metamorphism, and its relationship with the rest of the Grampian terrane, one of the major tectonostratigraphic components of the Scottish Caledonides. The ~8 km long section traverses a regional network of shear zones and, at the highest grades around Inzie Head, passes into the core of the Buchan Anticline, a large‐scale open fold that is commonly regarded as a late structure, post‐dating metamorphism. The metasedimentary rocks increase in grade from upper amphibolite to granulite facies and preserve unequivocal evidence for partial melting. The diatexite migmatites around Inzie Head, along with other gneissose units within the Buchan Block, have been regarded as allochthonous Precambrian basement rocks that were thrust into their current position during the Grampian orogenesis. However, field observations show that the onset of in situ partial melting in metapelitic rocks, which was associated with the formation of garnet‐bearing aplites and associated pegmatites, occurred around Fraserburgh, where shear fabrics are absent. Thus, the rocks preserve a continuous metamorphic field gradient that straddles the shear zone network. This observation supports an alternative interpretation that anatexis was the result of mid‐Ordovician (Grampian) metamorphism, rather than an older tectonothermal event, and that the Inzie Head gneisses are autochthonous. Using an average mid‐Dalradian pelite as a plausible representative protolith, phase equilibria modelling satisfactorily reproduces the observed appearance and disappearance of key minerals providing that peritectic garnet produced with the first formed melts (represented by the garnet‐bearing aplites) depleted the source rocks in Mn. The modelled metamorphic field gradient records a temperature increase of at least 150 °C (from ~650 °C near Fraserburgh to in excess of 800 °C at Inzie Head) but is isobaric at pressures of 2.7–2.8 kbar, suggesting the Buchan Anticline developed synchronous with partial melting. The Buchan Anticline is likely an expression of crustal thinning and asthenospheric upwelling, which produced voluminous gabbroic intrusions that supplied the heat for Buchan metamorphism.  相似文献